DD of epistaxis
A- LOCAL
1- idiopathic
2- trauma :
- nasal bone fracture
- nose picking
- post nasal surgery
- foreign bodies
- prolonged inhalation of dry air
- chemical inhalant
3- infections (nasal or sinus infections)
4- tumors:
- angiofibroma
- bleeding polyp
- carcinoma
- lymphoma
5- congenital:
- hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia
- Arteriovenous malformation
6- Iatrogenic causes (nasogastric,nasotracheal intubation)
B- GENERAL
1- drugs (aspirin NSAIDs, anticoagulant), alcohol use
2- cardiovascular (HTN, raised venous pressure as in MS and HF, Sclerotic vessels )
3- blood disorders
- lymphoma
- leukemia
- thrombocytopenia
4- Vitamin deficiency (vit. C or K)
5- fevers
- typhoid fever
- influenza
- hay fever
